4-12 m and 4-13 tue

 4-12 m and 4-13 tue 

35-1 Latin American Democracy Brazil, Mexico, Argentina MR MACDONALD VIDEO 5 MIN 

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Latin American Revolutions: Crash Course World History #31 14 min 

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A People's History of the Mexican Revolution, La Revolución Mexicana 26 min 

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Operation Condor: A Latin American alliance that led to disappearances and death 21min 

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Democracy Case Study: Latin American Democracies DEMOCRACY AS A GOAL (Pages 599–600) How does democracy work? For democracy to work, several conditions must exist. There must be free and fair elections. There must also be more than one political party. The people of the country should have a good education. Then they can make informed choices. They should share a common culture. All must accept the idea that everyone has equal rights. Finally, there must be rule by law, not by power. Many nations in Latin America have had difficulty achieving democracy because all these factors are not present. 

1. Name at least four factors needed to make democracy work. _______________________________ _______________________________ 

DICTATORS AND DEMOCRACY (Pages 600–602) What challenges has Brazil faced? After independence in 1822, Brazil started out as a monarchy. After 1930, a dictator ruled. But in 1956, Juscelino Kubitschek was elected president. He tried to improve the economy. He built a new capital city, Brasília. He supported land reform. Land reform aimed at breaking up large estates and giving land to the peasants. Terms and Names Brasília Capital city of Brazil land reform Breaking up large estates in order to give land to the landless standard of living Quality of life as judged by the amount of goods people have recession Decrease in the size of the economy PRI Institutional Revolutionary Party, which has controlled Mexico for most of the century Before You Read In the last section, you read about conflicts in the Middle East. In this section, you will read about the struggles for democracy in Latin America. 

 Landowners opposed land reform. They backed a group of army leaders who took power in 1964. The military ruled Brazil for 20 years. The country’s economy grew. But the people had few rights. Eventually, their standard of living also fell. This means the quality of life, judged by the amount of goods people have, went down. By the 1980s a recession—a decrease in the size of the economy—hurt Brazil.

 2. What changes did land reform bring in Brazil? ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ 

ONE-PARTY RULE (Pages 602–604) What party has controlled Mexico for most of the century? Mexico has had a stable government since the 1920s. One political party—now called the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)—has been in power during this period. This party has controlled the local, state, and national governments. At times, the PRI acted harshly to stop any dissent. For example, in 1968 the government killed many people who took part in a demonstration for economic reform. The PRI recently opened up the political system to candidates from other parties. In 1997, two opposition parties won many seats in the national legislature. They ended PRI control of that congress. Then, in 2000, Mexican voters ended 71 years of PRI rule by electing Vicente Fox as president. 

3. How has the PRI controlled Mexico? _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ 

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DISORDER (Pages 604–605) How has democracy grown in Argentina? Argentina has also struggled toward democracy. In the 1940s and 1950s, Juan Perón was a popular dictator. He put in place many programs to benefit the masses. But in 1955, the army overthrew him. The army controlled the government for many years. Army leaders ruled harshly. They killed many people who opposed them. In 1982, the army suffered a stinging defeat in a war with Britain. The generals agreed to step down. Since 1983, Argentina has been led by freely elected leaders. However, it has experienced a growing economic crisis. 

4. What happened after Perón was overthrown? _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ ______________________________