3-24 wed 3-25 the

 3-24 wed 3-25 the

Faces of Africa - Jomo Kenyatta : The Founding Father of Kenya 29min

List 5 facts in your notes and post one in chat 

1

2

3

4

5

The Cold War: The Angolan Civil War - Episode 49 10 min

List 5 facts in your notes and post one in chat 

1

2

3

4

5

 

Terms and Names 

Negritude movement African movement after World War II to celebrate African culture, heritage, and values

 Kwame Nkrumah Leader in the Gold Coast independence movement 

Jomo Kenyatta Nationalist who helped lead Kenya to independence

 Mobutu Sese Seko Ruler who took control of the Congo in 1965 and renamed it Zaire 

Ahmed Ben Bella Leader of the FLN who became the first president and prime minister of Algeria 

Before You Read In the last section, you read about the struggle for self-rule in Southeast Asian colonies. In this section, you will read about new nations in Africa. 

As You Read Use a chart to list an idea, an event, or a leader important to Ghana, Kenya, Zaire, Algeria, and Angola.

ACHIEVING INDEPENDENCE (Pages 578–579) Why did independence movements increase after World War II? During World War II, Africans fought as soldiers along with Europeans. After the war, Africans wanted independence. Many Africans took part in the Negritude movement. The purpose of this movement was to celebrate African culture, heritage, and values. 

1. What was the Negritude movement? ______________________________ ______________________________ GHANA LEADS THE WAY; FIGHTING FOR FREEDOM (Pages 579–581) What challenges did newly independent nations face? The British gave Africans a greater part in the colonial government of its Gold Coast colony. Kwame Nkrumah led a movement to push Britain to act more quickly. The effort succeeded. In 1957 the Gold Coast colony became independent. The new nation took the name Ghana. Nkrumah had big plans for building the economy of Ghana. But these plans were very expensive. Opposition grew. Finally, the army seized power in1966. Ghana has been ruled by a military dictator since 1981. 

 The strong leadership of nationalist Jomo Kenyatta helped Kenya achieve independence in 1963. An uprising of Africans called Mau Mau also helped. Mau Mau aimed at frightening the British settlers to leave. Kenyatta became president of the new nation. He tried to unite the many different people in his country. Kenya has faced violence and a weak economy in the 1990s. A bloody conflict for independence took place in Algeria. About 1 million French settlers lived there. They were unwilling to give up their property or their control of the colonial government. Violence broke out in 1945 and continued for many years. In 1954, the Algerian National Liberation Front, or FLN, announced its intention to fight for independence. In 1962, the French finally granted independence to Algeria. Ahmed Ben Bella, a leader of the FLN, was the first prime minister and then the first president of Algeria. From 1965 until 1988, Algerians tried to modernize their country. These efforts failed. An Islamic party won elections in 1991. But the government rejected the vote. Fighting between Islamic militants and the government continued through the 1990s. 

2. What problems did the new nations of Ghana and Kenya face? ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________

 CIVIL WAR IN CONGO AND ANGOLA (Pages 581–582) What happened in the Congo after independence? The Congo won its independence from Belgium in 1960. But the new nation was not well prepared for self-rule. The Congo quickly fell into civil war. In 1965, Mobutu Sese Seko took control. He renamed the country Zaire and ruled until 1997. Zaire had rich mineral resources. But Mobutu’s harsh and corrupt rule made the country poor. He was overthrown in a coup in 1997. The country’s name was changed back to the Congo. The colonies of Portugal were the last to gain their independence. Portugal did nothing to prepare the people of Angola for self-rule. Three Angolan groups emerged in the 1960s that were determined to control the new government. In the 1970s, the army of Portugal revolted against its government over the war in Angola. The troops left Angola without putting any group in charge. Angolans fought a long civil war. The war ended in 1989. But no strong government has formed yet. 

3. How did Mobutu rule the Congo? _______________________________ _______________________________