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3-19 to 3-28 Partition of India and cold war
Test
3-19 to 3-28 test on Partition of India and cold war
THE HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES in 12 minutes
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What’s happening in Myanmar?| Start Here 9 min
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The GEOPOLITICS of the PHILIPPINES - KJ REPORTS 9min
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Myanmar Coup Explained: Protests, Military, Min Aung Hlaing & the Latest News 8min
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Terms and Names
Ferdinand Marcos Leader of the Philippines who was elected but ruled as a dictator
Corazón Aquino Woman who defeated Marcos in the elections of 1986
Aung San Suu Kyi Daughter of Aung San; winner of Nobel Prize for her fight for democracy in Burma
Sukarno Leader of Indonesian independence movement; first president of Indonesia
Suharto Leader who turned Indonesia into a police state
Before You Read In the last section, you read about independence and conflict in India. In this section, you will read about independence and the challenges of self-rule in Southeast Asia.
THE PHILIPPINES ACHIEVES INDEPENDENCE (Pages 570–572) What happened in the Philippines after it gained independence? In 1946, the United States gave the Philippines independence. The United States also promised money to help the Filipinos rebuild their economy. To win the aid, however, the Filipinos had to agree to a trade deal. For the next few decades, the United States kept naval and air bases on the islands. Many Filipinos wanted the bases closed. In 1991, the United States left the bases. From 1966 to 1986, Ferdinand Marcos led the country. He was elected president but after a few years ruled as a dictator. He then harshly put down dissent and stole millions of dollars from the country. When he lost an election to Corazón Aquino in 1986, he refused to leave office. A large public outcry forced him to step down.
1. Who was Ferdinand Marcos? _______________________________ _______________________________
BRITISH COLONIES GAIN INDEPENDENCE (Pages 572–573) Which Southeast Asian British colonies won independence? Burma was the first British colony in Southeast Asia to become independent. Nationalist leader Aung San helped drive the British out of Burma in 1948. Burma changed its name to Myanmar in 1989. Since 1962, generals have ruled the country.
Myanmar has been torn by conflict often. Aung San Suu Kyi won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991 for her opposition to this military rule. After World War II, the British moved back into the Malay peninsula. They tried to form a country there. But ethnic conflict between Malays and Chinese who lived in the area stopped them. In 1957, independence was given to Malaya, Singapore, and parts of two distant islands. Singapore later declared independence as a city-state. Singapore is one of the busiest ports in the world. It is also a banking center. Its economy creates a high standard of living.
2. What happened in Burma after it gained independence? ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________
INDONESIA GAINS INDEPENDENCE FROM THE DUTCH (Pages 574–575) What challenges did Indonesia face? Sukarno led an independence movement in Indonesia while Japan held that country. After World War II, he quickly declared an independent Indonesia. The Dutch at first tried to regain control over their former colony. But in 1949 they recognized Indonesia’s independence. Indonesia is spread out. It has 13,600 islands and includes people from 300 different groups that speak 250 different languages. It has been difficult for leaders to unite the nation. In 1967, a general named Suharto took control. He ruled until 1998. Many criticized him for taking over the island of East Timor and for corruption in his government. In the late 1990s Indonesia faced severe economic problems.
3. Why has governing Indonesia proven difficult? _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________
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