Monday 5-10 36-4
What happened on September 11, 2001? | 9/11 attacks 5min
The 9/11 Decade | The Image War | Al Jazeera World 47 min
Terrorism, War, and Bush 43: Crash Course US History #46 16 min
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Surviving The Fallout of 9/11 | Aftermath (Terrorism Documentary) | Timeline
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September 11th
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Terms and Names
terrorism Use of violence against people or property to force changes in societies or governments
cyberterrorism Attacks on information systems for political reasons Department of Homeland Security Department of the U.S. government that organizes the fight against terrorism in the United States
USA Patriot Act Antiterrorism law that allowed the government certain rights to help chase and capture terrorists
Before You Read In the last section, you read about global security issues. In this section, you will learn about terrorism and its effect on today’s world. As You Read Use a chart to take notes on the September 11 and other terrorist attacks.
Terrorism Case Study: September 11, 2001 WHAT IS TERRORISM? (Pages 653–654)
What motivates terrorists and what methods do they use? Terrorism is the use of violence against people or property to force changes in societies or governments. The reasons for modern terrorism are many. Reasons include gaining independence, getting rid of foreigners, and changing society. In the late 20th century, another type of terrorist appeared. These terrorists wanted to destroy what they believed were the forces of evil. Terrorists use violence to try to achieve their goals. Terrorists often use bombs and bullets. Some terrorist groups have used biological and chemical weapons. Attacks on information systems such as computer networks are called cyberterrorism. These attacks are done for political reasons.
1. What types of weapons do terrorists use? _______________________________
TERRORISM AROUND THE WORLD (Pages 654–655) How has terrorism affected the world? In the Middle East, Palestinians and Israelis have argued for decades about land ownership. This argument has resulted in many terrorist acts. Often a Palestinian group does an act of terrorism. In response, the Israelis strike back. In Northern Ireland, the Irish Republican Army (IRA) carried out terrorist acts for many years. The IRA wanted the British to give up control over Northern Ireland.
Many terrorist groups, such as Aum Shinrikyo, are found in East Asia. In Africa, civil unrest and regional wars cause most terrorist acts. Narcoterrorism often happens in Latin America. Narcoterrorism is terrorism connected with the trade of illegal drugs.
2. What has caused most of the terrorist activity in Africa? ______________________________
ATTACK ON THE UNITED STATES (Pages 656–657) How has terrorism affected the United States? On the morning of September 11, 2001, 19 Arab terrorists hijacked four airliners. The hijackers crashed two of the jets into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. The third jet destroyed part of the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. The fourth plane crashed in an empty field in Pennsylvania. As a result of the attacks, the twin towers fell to the ground within two hours. About 3,000 people died in all the attacks. The dead included more than 340 New York City firefighters and 60 police officers. Before September 11, many Americans thought that terrorism was something that happened in other countries. After September 11, many Americans became afraid that terrorist attacks could happen to them. A few days after September 11, letters containing the disease anthrax were mailed. The letters were sent to people in the news media and to members of Congress. Five people died from inhaling the anthrax in these letters. Officials did not find a link between the anthrax letters and the September 11 attacks.
3. How did the September 11 attacks affect the way Americans looked at life? _______________________________
THE UNITED STATES RESPONDS (Pages 657–658) How has the United States fought back against terrorism? After September 11, the United States asked for an international effort to fight terrorism. U.S. officials suspected that Osama bin Laden directed the September 11 attacks. Bin Laden was the leader of a terrorist group called al-Qaeda. The U.S. government created the Department of Homeland Security in 2002. Its job was to organize the fight against terrorism in the United States. U.S. officials began to search for alQaeda terrorists in the United States. In addition, U.S. officials arrested and questioned many Arabs and other Muslims. Critics said that arresting people because of nationality or religion was unfair. They said that some of the arrested people probably did not commit a crime. The USA Patriot Act became law. This law allowed the government several powers to help capture terrorists. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ordered airlines to put bars on cockpit doors. These bars would help stop hijackers from getting control of planes. National Guard troops began to guard airports. Trained security officers called sky marshals were put on planes. The Aviation and Transportation Security Act was passed. It put the federal government in charge of airport security.
4. How was aviation security increased? _______________________________
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