1-27 Wed 1-28 Thursday
Economic Depression and Dictators: Crash Course European History #37 16 min
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How Hitler Gained Absolute Power In Germany | Impossible Peace | Timeline 47 min
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Ten Minute History - The Meiji Restoration and the Empire of Japan (Short Documentary) 10 min
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10 Worst Japanese War Crimes 7 min
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Economic Depression and Dictators: Crash Course European History #37 16 min
-Watch the video then list 5 facts in your notebook
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5
Then post one fact in chat
Events leading up to World War II
A) Japanese Aggression
1) Japan took over Korea, Manchuria (northeastern China), and much of Southeast Asia in order to gain natural resources/raw materials (like coal and iron).
2) Rape of Nanking- Brutal event in which the Japanese raped and killed Chinese civilians (non-soldiers) in the city of Nanking. It was a major human rights violation.
B) Italian Aggression- Benito Mussolini of Italy invaded and took over Ethiopia (country in Africa). C) German Aggression- Adolf Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles in a number of ways:
1) Hitler built up the German military and drafted soldiers into the army.
2) Hitler placed soldiers in the Rhineland (an area between Germany and France).
3) Hitler took over the neighboring country of Austria.
4) Hitler took over the neighboring country of Czechoslovakia.
D) NOTE: World War II took place mainly because very little was done early on to stop Hitler, Mussolini, or Japan. For example:
1) The League of Nations was an international organization created after World War I in order to prevent war. It failed to stop Hitler, Mussolini, or Japan from being aggressive.
2) Appeasement- This is a policy where an aggressive nation is given what they want by other nations in order to avoid war. At the Munich Conference in Germany, Great Britain appeased Hitler by giving him control over Czechoslovakia. This led Hitler to demand even more land. E) NOTE: World War II started when Hitler invaded Poland in 1939. Three days later, Britain and France declared war on Germany
Terms and Names fascism Political movement based on nationalism that gives power to a dictator and takes away individual rights Benito Mussolini Fascist leader of Italy Adolf Hitler Fascist leader of Germany Nazism German brand of fascism Mein Kampf Book by Hitler outlining his beliefs and goals for Germany lebensraum Living space Before You Read In the last section, you read about the Great Depression. In this section, you will learn about the rise of fascism in Europe during troubled economic times. As You Read Use a chart to compare Mussolini’s rise to power and goals with Hitler’s.
Fascism Rises in Europe FASCISM’S RISE IN ITALY (Pages 476–477) Why did fascism arise in Italy? The economic crisis of the Great Depression led to the loss of democracy in some countries. In these nations, millions of people turned to strong rulers to try to solve their economic problems. Such leaders followed a set of beliefs called fascism. Fascist leaders were very nationalistic. They believed in authority and built powerful military forces. Fascist governments were controlled by one party, and that party was ruled by one leader. The leader was the nation’s dictator. Fascist governments did not let their people have individual rights. Fascism arose in Italy. It started there because people were angry that they did not get more territory in the treaty that ended World War I. Also, inflation and unemployment were big problems. Benito Mussolini came to power by promising to help the economy and build the armed forces. He used armed thugs to threaten political opponents. The king of Italy decided Mussolini was the best hope to save his dynasty and let him lead the government. Mussolini became Il Duce, or the leader, of Italy. He outlawed all political parties except fascism. He tried to control the economy and outlawed strikes.
1. What did Mussolini promise the Italians? _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________
HITLER RISES TO POWER IN GERMANY (Pages 477–478) How did Hitler gain control of Germany? Another Fascist came to power in Germany. Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi party. The German brand of fascism was called Nazism. He tried to take control of the government of Germany in 1923, but the attempt failed. He was sent to prison. In prison, Hitler wrote a book that summarized his ideas. It was called Mein Kampf. Hitler believed that Germans were superior to all other people. He said that the Treaty of Versailles treated Germany unfairly. He also said that a crowded Germany needed more lebensraum, or living space. To get that space, he promised to conquer the lands of eastern Europe and Russia.
2. What were some of Hitler’s beliefs? ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________
HITLER BECOMES CHANCELLOR (Pages 478–480) What did Hitler do when he became Germany’s leader? When the depression hit Germany, the country was in terrible shape. Hitler was named leader of the German government. Soon, he took the powers of a dictator. He became Germany’s führer, or leader. Those who opposed him were arrested. His economic program gave work to millions but took away their rights to organize into unions or to strike. He took control of all areas of life. He burned books that went against Nazi ideas. He forced children to join Nazi groups. Hitler also attacked Germany’s Jews. Laws took away their rights. In November 1938, mobs attacked Jewish people and destroyed thousands of Jewish-owned buildings. This was the start of a process to eliminate the Jews from German life.
3. What changes did Hitler make? _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________
OTHER COUNTRIES FALL TO DICTATORS (Page 480) What other countries were ruled by dictators? Fascist dictators took control in other countries as well, including Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, and Romania. All had dictators or kings who ruled like dictators. Only Czechoslovakia remained as a democracy in eastern Europe. Elsewhere in Europe, only in nations with strong democratic traditions— Britain, France and the Scandinavian countries—did democracy survive.
4. Why did democracy survive in some countries? __________________________________________________
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