1-18 Monday MLK day No school, 1-19 tue

 1-18 Monday MLK day No school, 1-19 tue 

Nonviolence and Peace Movements: Crash Course World History 228 13 minutes

-Watch the video then list 5 facts in your notebook 

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India Divided: How Narendra Modi is Empowering Hindu Nationalists 12min

-Watch the video then list 5 facts in your notebook 

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Mohandas Gandhi: A Catalyst for Change 21 min 

-Watch the video then list 5 facts in your notebook 

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Then post one fact in chat 

 Terms and Names Rowlatt Acts Laws to prevent Indians from protesting British actions Amritsar Massacre The slaughter of Indians by the British Mohandas K. Gandhi Leader of the movement for Indian independence from Britain civil disobedience Disobeying the law for the purpose of achieving some higher goal Salt March A march to the sea to protest British salt tax Mustafa Kemal Leader of Turkish nationalists who overthrew the last Ottoman sultan

 Before You Read In the last section, you read about nationalism and civil war in China. In this section, you will learn about nationalism in India and Southwest Asia. As You Read Use a web diagram to identify the styles of government adopted by nations in this section.

Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia INDIAN NATIONALISM GROWS (Pages 453–454) Why did feelings of nationalism increase? Many Indians grew angry at British domination of Indian life. Indian nationalism had been growing since the mid-1800s. Some Indians joined the Congress Party or the Muslim League. These were two groups that worked toward independence More than one million Indians served in the British army in World War I. The British promised to make changes to the government of India. These changes would give the Indian people greater control of their own nation. After the war, though, returning Indian soldiers were once again treated as second-class citizens. Reforms were not made. When Indians protested, the British Parliament passed the Rowlatt Acts that allowed protesters to be jailed without a trial. Westerneducated Indians believed this to be a violation of their rights. About 10,000 Indians gathered at the city of Amritsar to protest this act in the spring of 1919. The British had also banned such public meetings. But the crowd was mostly unaware of that fact. British troops fired on the crowd. Several hundred protesters were killed. The Amritsar Massacre sparked further protests. Almost overnight millions of Indians changed from loyal British subjects to revolutionaries and nationalists.

 1. What were three reasons for the increase of Indian nationalism? ______________________________ ______________________________ 

GANDHI’S TACTICS OF NONVIOLENCE; GREAT BRITAIN GRANTS LIMITED SELF-RULE (Pages 454–455) What were Gandhi’s ideas about nonviolence? Mohandas K. Gandhi became the leader of India’s protest movement. He had attended law school in England. He had a deeply religious approach to political activity. His teachings contained ideas from all of the major religions of the world, including Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. Gandhi organized a campaign of noncooperation with the British. It was based on passive resistance, or civil disobedience, to unjust laws. He asked Indians to stop buying British goods, attending British schools, paying British taxes, or voting in British-run elections. He also persuaded his followers to take these actions while not using violence. British jails filled with thousands of Indians who broke British laws in order to protest them. Indians resented a British law that forced them to buy salt only from the government. Gandhi organized a huge march to the sea to make salt by evaporating sea water. This action was called the Salt March. Soon afterward, some demonstrators planned another march. They went to the place where the British government made salt. They wanted to close this site down. The British violently broke up the march. A news story about the event was published everywhere. It helped Gandhi’s independence movement gain worldwide support. In 1935, the British finally gave in. They passed a law that allowed local Indian self-government. 

2. How did Indians use nonviolence to achieve their goals? _______________________________ _______________________________ 

NATIONALISM SPREADS TO SOUTHWEST ASIA (Pages 456–457) What countries in Southwest Asia experienced great changes? Other changes took place in Southwest Asia. Mustafa Kemal, a military commander, led nationalists in overthrowing the last Ottoman sultan. Kemal became the leader of a new republic in Turkey. He modernized the society and the economy in Turkey. Before World War I, both Britain and Russia had influence in the ancient country of Persia. Britain tried to take control of all of Persia after the war. This led to a nationalist revolt. In 1921, Reza Shah Pahlavi, a Persian army officer, seized power. He later changed his country’s name to Iran. In both Turkey and Iran, women gained new rights. In Arabia, different groups united to form one kingdom called Saudi Arabia. Starting in the 1920s, Southwest Asia saw a major economic change and development. Western companies discovered large reserves of oil in several countries in this area. Oil brought huge sums of money to these countries. Western nations tried to gain power in the region so they could get some of this wealth.

 3. What new countries were formed in Southwest Asia? _________________________