10-19 and 10-20 Monday tue

 10-19 and 10-20 Monday tue 

Watch video and list 5 Facts

Industrial Revolution part 1 -Start in England, Machine production of goods Factory system Mr Mac Short video 

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The Industrial Revolution: Crash Course European History #24

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The Beginnings of Industrialization INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS IN BRITAIN

 (Pages 283–284) How did the Industrial Revolution begin? The Industrial Revolution was the great increase in production that began in England during the 18th century. Before the Industrial Revolution, people made most goods by hand. By the middle of the 1700s, more and more goods were made by machines. The Industrial Revolution began with an agricultural revolution. In the early 1700s, large landowners in Britain bought much of the land that had been owned by poorer farmers. The landowners collected these lands into large fields closed-in by fences or hedges. These fields were called enclosures. Many of the poor farmers who lost their lands became tenant farmers. Others gave up farming and moved to the cities. New farm methods made farmers more productive. For example, Jethro Tull invented a seed drill that made planting more efficient. Farmers also practiced crop rotation. Crop rotation is the practice of planting a different crop in a different field each year. The increase in farm output made more food available. People enjoyed better diets. The population of Britain grew. Fewer farmers were needed to grow food. Terms and Names Industrial Revolution Great increase in machine production that began in England in the 18th century enclosure Large closed-in field for farming crop rotation Planting a different crop in a different field each year industrialization Process of developing machine production of goods factors of production Conditions needed to produce goods and services factory Building where goods are made entrepreneur Person who organizes, manages, and takes on the financial risk of a business enterprise More people began to make goods other than food. The growth in the number of people in cities to work in factories helped create the Industrial Revolution. For several reasons, Britain was the first country to industrialize. Industrialization is the process of developing machine production of goods. Great Britain had all the resources needed for industrialization. These resources included coal, water, iron ore, rivers, harbors, and banks. Britain also had all the factors of production that the Industrial Revolution required. These factors of production included land, labor (workers), and capital (wealth). 

1. Why was Britain the first country to industrialize? ____________________________________________________________

 INVENTIONS SPUR INDUSTRIALIZATION (Pages 284–286) What inventions helped change business? The Industrial Revolution began in the textile industry. Several new inventions helped businesses make cloth and clothing more quickly. Richard Arkwright invented the water frame in 1769. It used water power to run spinning machines that made yarn. In 1779, Samuel Compton invented the spinning mule that made better thread. In 1787, Edmund Cartwright developed the power loom. The power loom was a machine that sped up the cloth-making process. These new inventions were large and expensive machines. Business owners built large factories to house and run these machines. These factories were built near rivers because these machines needed water power to run them. 

2. How was the textile industry changed by the new inventions? _______________________________ _______________________________ 

IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION; THE RAILWAY AGE BEGINS (Pages 287–288) The invention of the steam engine in 1705 brought in a new source of power. The steam engine used fire to heat water and produce steam. The power of the steam drove the engine. Eventually steam driven engines were used to run factories. At the same time, improvements were being made in transportation. Robert Fulton, an American, invented the first steam-driven boat. This invention allowed people to send goods more quickly over rivers and canals. Starting in the 1820s, steam brought a new burst of industrial growth. George Stephenson, a British engineer, set up the world’s first railroad line. It used a steam driven locomotive. Soon, railroads were being built all over Britain. The railroad boom helped business owners move their goods to market more quickly. It created thousands of new jobs in several different industries. The railroad had a deep effect on British society. For instance, people could now travel throughout the country more quickly. 

3. What effects did the invention of the steam engine have? _______________________________ _______________________________ 

Section 44 review notes 

The Industrial Revolution

You know this thing started

in Britain right?

Britain consists of

England, Scotland and Wales.

England is the big shot of the three.

Anyways, Britain has mild winters and

Textile-Cloth Industry Sparks the Way

England’s Industrial revolution actually began in

the textile industry. You see, before the industrial

revolution, English people wove textiles by hand in

their little cottages. By the mid 18th century, English

businessmen started building textile factories powered by rivers.

Most were in Manchester and Leeds. They

brought cotton from India and America,

and turned it into mass quantities of cloth.

Spinning Jennies were new machines that

rolled up to 16 spools of thread at a time.

Flying Shuttles were wooden capsules that led fast

moving thread across weaving machines. The Spinning Jenny and the Flying

Shuttle greatly increased production of cloth in England.

The Steam Engine

By the early 19th century, factory owners were looking for more consistent

sources of power. Factories based on river power were great. But, what happens

when the river runs low? In 1765, James Watt developed a very efficient steam

engine. It works real simple. They burned coal to heat and boil water creating

steam. The steam pressure actually pushes a pump that turns a crank... POWER!

All you need now is a lot of coal! It’s a bit dirty, but very powerful!

many flowing rivers. They have natural harbors for

shipping goods. England also had mass resources of coal and iron in their hills.

(note: coal and iron make STEEL).

By 1700, England was increasing production of food

with crop rotation. This means they planted a different

crop in their fields each year. This gave the soil a chance to

prepare for the next year’s crop. This practice increased the

production of food from a given field. It also extended the life

of the soil. Greater food production=more population!

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Industrial Revolution

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Coal and Iron

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Textile Industry

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Steam Engine

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