10-14 and 10-15 Wed and Thursday

 10-14 and 10-15 Wed and Thursday 

Otto von Bismarck and German Unification  Mr Mac short video List 3 facts 

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 Giuseppe Garibaldi UNITED ITALY Mr Mac short video

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Watch the Video and list 5 facts

Italian and German Unification: Crash Course European History #27

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Nationalism Case Study: Italy and Germany NATIONALISM: A FORCE FOR UNITY OR DISUNITY (Pages 258–259) What is nationalism? Nationalists thought that many factors linked people to one another. First was nationality, or a common ethnic ancestry. Shared language, culture, history, and religion were also seen as ties that connected people. People sharing these traits were thought to have the right to a land they could call their own. Groups with their own government were called nation-states. Leaders began to see that this feeling could be a powerful force for uniting a people. The French Revolution was a prime example of this. However, nationalism could also be a force to rip apart empires. This happened in three empires in Europe.

 1. What shared characteristics can unite people and create a strong national feeling? _______________________________ _______________________________ 

NATIONALISM SHAKES AGING EMPIRES (Pages 259–260) Why did nationalism divide empires? Feelings of nationalism threatened to break apart three aging empires. The Austrian Empire was forced to split in two. Terms and Names Russification A policy of forcing Russian culture on ethnic groups in the Russian Empire Camillo di Cavour Prime minister who unified northern Italy Giuseppe Garibaldi Leader of the Red Shirts who won control over parts of southern Italy Otto von Bismarck Leader who worked to expand Prussia Junker Wealthy German landholders realpolitik Tough, practical politics kaiser Emperor Before You Read In the last section, you read about revolutions and reform in western Europe. In this section, you will learn about nationalism. As You Read Use a time line to list major events in the unification of Italy and of Germany. One part was Austria, the other was Hungary. In Russia, harsh rule and a policy called Russification that forced other peoples to adopt Russian ways helped produce a revolution in 1917. This revolution overthrew the czar. Like the other two, the Ottoman Empire broke apart around the time of World War I. 

2. What three empires were torn apart by nationalism? ____________________________________________________________ 

https://youtu.be/uenooKQJ7jo

CAVOUR and  Giuseppe Garibaldi UNITED ITALY (Pages 260–261) How did nationalism unite Italy? Italians used national feeling to build a nation, not destroy an empire. Large parts of Italy were ruled by the kings of Austria and Spain. Nationalists tried to unite the nation in 1848. But the revolt was beaten down. Hopes rested with the Italian king of the state of Piedmont-Sardinia. His chief minister was Count Camillo di Cavour. Cavour worked to expand the king’s control over other areas of the north. Meanwhile, Giuseppe Garibaldi led an army of patriots that won control of southern areas. Garibaldi put the areas he conquered under control of the Italian king. In 1866, the area around Venice was added to the king’s control. By 1870, the king completed the uniting of Italy.

 3. Who helped unify Italy? ____________________________________________________________

 BISMARCK UNITES GERMANY; A SHIFT IN POWER (Pages 261–263) How was Germany united? Germany had also been divided into many different states for many centuries. Since 1815, 39 states had joined in a league called the German Confederation. Prussia and Austria-Hungary controlled this group. Over time, Prussia rose to become more powerful. Leading this move was prime minister Otto von Bismarck. He was supported by wealthy landowners called Junkers. Bismarck was a master of realpolitik—tough power politics. Bismarck worked to create a new confederation of German states. Prussia controlled it. To win the loyalty of German areas in the south, he purposefully angered a weak France so that it would declare war on Prussia. Prussia won the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. The war with France gave the southern German states a nationalistic feeling. They joined the other states in naming the king of Prussia as emperor, or kaiser, of a strong united Germany. These events changed the balance of power in Europe. Germany and Britain were the strongest powers, followed by France. Austria, Russia, and Italy were all even weaker. 

4. What was the result of the defeat of France and the uniting of Germany? _______________________________ _____________

Now back to Europe

Nationalism in Italy

In the early 1800s, the land of Italy consisted of separate provinces that

sometimes fought each other. In 1850, Camillo di Cavour, a Prime Minister

from the northern province of Piedmont-Sardinia worked to unite all Italy.

In the south, a tough and popular nationalist General Giuseppe Garibaldi

brought a band of soldiers together uniting Italy from Sicily. Province by

province, Garibaldi and his band of “red shirts” managed to unite all

southern Italy! In 1866, Cavour arranged for Garibaldi to unite

southern Italy with northern Italy led by King Victor Emmanuel.

This event created the Nation of Italy! Garibaldi’s

nationalist struggle spear-headed this unification .

“I offer neither pay, nor quarters, nor food; I offer only

hunger, thirst, forced marches, battles and death. Let him

who loves his country with his heart, and not merely with

his lips follow me.” -Guissepe Garibaldi.

Nationalism in Germany

Germany was also a loose group of states in the early 19th

century. The province of Prussia, was the most industrial of all

German states. They laid more railroads and produced more

steel. In 1862, a strong-minded military man Otto Von

Bismarck became Prime Minister of Prussia. He described his

strategy as “Realpolitik” This means politics of Reality. Do

what you have to do to achieve your goals.

“Prussia has to coalesce and concentrate its power for

the opportune moment, which has already been missed

several times; Prussia’s borders according to the Vienna

Treaties [of 1814-15] are not favorable for a healthy,

vital state; it is not by speeches and majority

resolutions that the great questions of the time are

decided – that was the big mistake of

1848 and 1849 – but by iron and blood.”

In 1867, Bismarck sparked a war against Austria to stir up nationalistic feelings.

It worked! Most German speaking people of neighboring provinces sided with

Prussia. He later provoked another war with France. All other German provinces

banded together with Prussia. In 1871, Otto Von Bismarck united Germany as

a Nation.

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Guiseppe Garibaldi

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Camillo di Cavour

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Otto Von Bismarck

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Realpolitik

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